Awareness, Perceptions, Gaps, and Uptake of Maternity Protection among Formally Employed Women in Vietnam
Tác giả:
Tuan T. Nguyen; Jennifer Cashin; Ha T. T. Tran; Duong H. Vu; Arijit Nandi; Minh T. Phan; Nguyen D. C. Van; AmyWeissman; Toan N. Pham; Binh V. Nguyen; Roger Mathisen
Loại tài liệu:
Bài trích tạp chí
Năm xuất bản:
2022
Lĩnh vực nghiên cứu:
Các lĩnh vực khác
Nguồn trích:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Tóm tắt: Maternity protection is a normative fundamental human right that enables women to
combine their productive and reproductive roles, including breastfeeding. The aim of this study is to
examine the uptake of Vietnam’s maternity protection policy in terms of entitlements and awareness,
perceptions, and gaps in implementation through the lens of formally employed women. In this
mixed methods study, we interviewed 494 formally employed female workers, among whom 107
were pregnant and 387 were mothers of infants and conducted in-depth interviews with a subset of
these women (n = 39). Of the 494 women interviewed, 268 (54.3%) were working in blue-collar jobs
and more than 90% were contributing to the public social insurance fund. Among the 387 mothers
on paid maternity leave, 51 (13.2%) did not receive cash entitlements during their leave. Among the
182 mothers with infants aged 6–11 months, 30 (16.5%) returned to work before accruing 180 days of
maternity leave. Of 121 women who had returned to work, 26 (21.5%) did not receive a one-hour
paid break every day to express breastmilk, relax, or breastfeed, and 46 (38.0%) worked the same or
more hours per day than before maternity leave. Although most women perceived maternity leave as
beneficial for the child’s health (92.5%), mother’s health (91.5%), family (86.2%), and society (90.7%),
fewer women perceived it as beneficial for their income (59.5%), career (46.4%), and employers
(30.4%). Not all formally employed women were aware of their maternity protection rights: women
were more likely to mention the six-month paid maternity leave (78.7%) and one-hour nursing break
(62.3%) than the other nine entitlements (2.0–35.0%). In-depth interviews with pregnant women
and mothers of infants supported findings from the quantitative survey. In conclusion, although
Vietnam’s maternity protection policy helps protect the rights of women and children, our study
identified implementation gaps that limit its effectiveness. To ensure that all women and their families
can fully benefit from maternity protection, there is a need to increase awareness of the full set of
maternity entitlements, strengthen enforcement of existing policies, and expand entitlements to the
informal sector.
Từ khóa:
Breastfeeding Gender equality Maternal and child health Maternity protection Public policy Parental leave Vietnam
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